Purr is animal number one and is a 9 year old cat, Toto is animal number 2 and is a 1 year old puppy and so on. AnimalĮach observation represents a particular animal in the sample. The first number will be number 1 and the second number 2 and so on. If we list each value, or observation, in a column, you can give each one an index number. Let’s say we have a sample of animals from the local animal shelter and we are interested in their average age. The Σ symbol tells us to add a specific list of numbers. Like all mathematical symbols it tells us what to do: just as the plus sign tells us to add and the x tells us to multiply. It is called Sigma notation because the symbol is the Greek capital letter sigma: Σ. Both formulas have a mathematical symbol that tells us how to make the calculations. The Greek letter μ is the symbol for the population mean and is the symbol for the sample mean. Here are the formulas for a population mean and the sample mean. This unit is here to remind you of material that you once studied and said at the time “I am sure that I will never need this!”
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